Integrated Pest Management on Organic Farms
(book excerpts)Integrated pest management (IPM) is a balanced, tactical approach in managing diseases, insects, weeds, and other pests utilizing a wide range of pest control strategies or tactics. It involves taking action to anticipate pest outbreaks and to prevent potential damage to crops in the field. The goal of this strategy is not eradication but to prevent pests from reaching economically or aesthetically damaging levels with the least risk to the environment. IPM programs are very site-specific. IPM is based on the identification of pests, accurate measurement of pest populations, assessment of damage levels, and knowledge of available pest management strategies or tactics that enable the grower to make intelligent decisions in controlling pests. IPM is adaptable to all field-grown crops and involves specific techniques in managing pests. Successful IPM programs use a six-tiered implementation approach: (1) monitoring crops for pests; (2) accurately identifying pests; (3) developing economic thresholds; (4) implementing integrated pest control tactics; and (5) record keeping. The focus of IPM is to use a combination of integrated pest management control tactics— cultural, mechanical/physical, biological, biorational, and chemical—to deal with existing pest problems, rather than relying solely on pest control materials such as insecticides. This involves knowledge of pest life cycles and an understanding of crop production.
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Topics Within This Chapter:
- Monitoring for Crops Pests
- Scouting Frequency
- Scouting Patterns
- Pest Monitoring Techniques
- Visual Observation
- Sweep Net
- Beating Tray
- Pheromone Traps
- Sticky Traps
- Black Light Traps
- Phenology Calendars and Degree-Day Models
- Phenology Calendar
- Growing Degree-Day Tracking
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Pest Monitoring
- Geo-referencing and Image Processing
- Pest Identification
- Identifying Insects
- Identifying Pathogens
- Identifying Weeds
- Developing Economic Thresholds
- Treatment Thresholds
- Integrated Pest Management Control Tactics
- Cultural Pest Control
- Mechanical and Physical Pest Control
- Biological Pest Control
- Biorational Pest Control
- Biopesticides
- Biorationals Approved for Organic Crop Production
- Chemical Pest Control
- Chemicals Allowed for Organic Crop Production
- Record Keeping
- Monitoring Forms and Maps
- National Organic Program Requirements for IPM
- National Organic Program Requirements for Pest Control
- References